Wilt diseases of cashew have not previously been reported from any area in India. 1999), but recently (personal observations, 2020) a wilt disease outbreak occurred in a two-year-old germplasm collection at the All India Co-ordinated Network Project (AICRP) on Cashew in Kerala, India. Observations of cashew germplasm show that local, open-pollinated varieties are more tolerant to disease (Cardosa et al. In addition, some countries in Africa have reported other diseases, including powdery mildew, leaf and nut black rust, and bacterial leaf spot diseases (Majune et al. gloeosporioides), gummosis of the fruit and trunk ( Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl) are the most common diseases causing considerable damage to the crop (Cardosa et al. & Sacc.), powdery mildew ( Oidium anacardii F. Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Worldwide, there are ten major diseases reported which affect the growth and productivity of cashew (Cardosa et al. Biotic stresses including pests and diseases affect both quality and quantity of cashew nuts. However, cashew trees are challenged by several biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in yield loss (Vidya et al. Approximately two million small and marginal farmers in India are dependent on cashew, employing approximately 0.1 million people in processing factories, of which 90 per cent are women (Directorate of Cashew Research (DCR), 2015). Indeed, cashew is a major foreign exchange earning crop in India, primarily due to its nutritional value. The culture of the fungus has been deposited with the National Fungal Culture Collection of India at Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India with accession number NFCCI 4801, and sequence of the fungus was deposited at GenBank of NCBI with accession number OP942472.Ĭashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is cultivated in 32 countries worldwide and India is the third largest producer, second largest consumer and biggest processor of cashew with the largest area cultivated with the crop. India has an area of 1.89 million cultivated with cashew with an estimated annual production of approximately 0.74 million tonnes of raw nuts (FAO Stat 2018-19).Cashew was once planted as a soil binder along the Western Coast of India and later christened as a ‘gold mine of wasteland,’ owing to its nutritional and economic value (Singh 2018 Bhatt and Venattakumar, 2006). To our knowledge, this is the first record of wilt disease of cashew caused by F. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed in cashew seedlings, thereby demonstrating Koch’s postulates. ![]() Molecular characterization revealed the identity of the isolates as Fusarium decemcellulare Brick. The fungus produced both macro and micro conidia in culture. In culture, the colony of fungus was white, later turning pink. Symptomology, cultural, morphological and molecular studies were performed to characterize the pathogen causing the disease. MethodsĪ fungal pathogen was isolated repeatedly from the infected vascular tissues onto potato dextrose agar medium. ![]() The disease was characterized initially by chlorosis of foliage and shoots, followed by necrosis and wilting, with internal symptoms including vascular necrosis, eventually resulting in complete plant mortality. has recently emerged in two-year-old cashew trees in an experimental field at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pilicode, in the Kasaragod district of Kerala, India. The incidence of wilt disease of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) caused by Fusarium sp.
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